Business Operations Internal Controls

Question: Talk about the Business Operations for Internal Controls. Answer: Presentation: The unapproved utilization of buying frameworks could bring about genuine misfortune every year due to overspending on pointless assets. What's more, the misappropriation of items or administrations is another effect, which be utilized for individual advantages (Dumas et al., 2013). Accordingly, the decency of the buy reports and solicitations couldn't be looked after, which, thus, would lessen the gainfulness of the association. What's more, the insufficient plans of gracefully chain the executives and task the board need instrument, which has lead to nonconformist spending. Therefore, it plainly delineates the absence of fulfillment with respect to Fruito in dealing with its use cycle. Acknowledgment of short conveyance of items or administrations: Since the issue is worried about the requesting and getting bits of the consumption pattern of Fruito, there is high possibility that the stock supervisor may submit overabundance request of products in spite of the accessible stock. The principle reason recognized behind such act is the result of conspiracy (Hull, 2012). Alongside this, the receipts probably won't be affirmed for the merchandise bought. Subsequently, the bookkeeping administrator of Fruito probably won't have the option to pass the essential exchanges for such receipts, which would fundamentally influence the readiness of the fiscal summaries. Thus, the exactness in building up the bookkeeping reports would be limited. Acknowledgment of extended requests or spontaneous products: This is another significant hazard, as the stock supervisor may receive dodgy measures in tolerating spontaneous items or extended requests. The likely purpose for such hazard is the fiscal advantage of the people or endowments from the providers (Lam, 2014).Such act may build the general expense of deals for assembling its items. Also, the benefit acknowledgment would be condensed, as there is overspending on stock. Along these lines, it abuses the legitimacy of the current inner controls of Fruito in dealing with its buys and requests. Proposal of inward controls and use of the equivalent to moderate the distinguished dangers: The accompanying inward controls would be achievable for Fruito to moderate the above-recognized dangers: Utilization of procurement request structures with successive numbers: Fruito could apply buy request structures, which are consecutively numbered, for directing free checks. This would help in discovering the legitimacy and fulfillment of the buy orders made (Lefcourt, 2013).The approved signatories should be related to the furthest reaches of authorisation. In this way, before giving the affirmation to a specific receipt, the authorisation and coordinating with the first request should be directed. The utilization of electronic stock administration framework should be received to keep up modern stock records and screen requests and stock use (McNeil, Frey Embrechts, 2015). The isolation of obligations between accepting, requesting, affirming and paying solicitations is fundamental, as it would help the manager of the Accounts Payable division of Fruito to screen the work. Alongside this, the manager of the previously mentioned division needs to guarantee that the approved staffs make essential acclimations to the standing information like solicitations of providers. Besides, the receipt coding is required to be checked to guarantee that the exact spending plan has been charged (Sadgrove, 2016). At long last, the spending holders would coordinate the cost things accused of the financial plans. Consequently, this interior control method would help in restricting the unapproved access to the buy framework. Subsequently, it would fit in with the culmination of the use pattern of Fruito. Checking stock records and affirming receipts: It is the duty of the administrator of Accounts Payable branch of Fruito to check the stock records to guarantee that the conveyances have been represented in a powerful way. This would limit the extra requests of items past the necessary level to spare expenses (Skaife, Veenman Wangerin, 2013). Besides, the boss is required to guarantee that no installments for products are made without the affirmation of receipts. Such advance would help the bookkeeping chief of Fruito to keep a nitty gritty record of the general exchanges, which would delineate the exact introduction of the budget summaries of the association. Accordingly, this inside control procedure would clear out the acknowledgment of short conveyance of products. Installment after affirmation of products: So as to limit the acknowledgment of unconstrained merchandise or extended requests, the installments should be made simply after the affirmation that the products have been requested appropriately with vital authorisation. Such advance would diminish the acknowledgment of blessings or fiscal advantages for the people associated with embracing dishonest measures (Zikmund et al., 2013).As an outcome, it would help in sparing overabundance costs on buy orders, which would add to the legitimacy of the use pattern of Fruito. Rundown of discoveries for the CFO: After cautious assessment of the current requesting and getting some portion of the consumption pattern of the association, it has been discovered that the significant dangers that stand up to the business tasks incorporate unapproved access to buy frameworks, acknowledgment of short conveyance of merchandise and extended requests. The principal hazard could cause enormous misfortunes for the association due to overspending on stock. The subsequent hazard distinguished would prompt error in recording exchanges because of the nonattendance of receipts. The last hazard may decrease the benefit acknowledgment of the business because of selection of dishonest practices with respect to some work force. In this way, every one of these dangers together would limit the general efficiency and benefit of Fruito. Be that as it may, the powerful inward controls have been distinguished to wipe out every one of the above-recognized dangers for guaranteeing the operational proficiency of the association. So as to take out the principal chance, the buy request structures could be consecutively numbered to keep up the day by day stock records and use. The subsequent hazard could be disposed of with the assistance of checking stock records, which would help in planning exact bookkeeping reports. The last hazard could be annihilated by making installments in the wake of accepting receipts to forestall the exploitative practices. References: Dumas, M., La Rosa, M., Mendling, J., Reijers, H. A. (2013).Fundamentals of business process management(Vol. 1, p. 2). Heidelberg: Springer. Structure, J. (2012).Risk Management and Financial Institutions,+ Web Site(Vol. 733). John Wiley Sons. Lam, J. (2014).Enterprise hazard the executives: from motivating forces to controls. John Wiley Sons. Lefcourt, H. M. (Ed.). (2013).Research with the locus of control build: expansions and impediments. Elsevier. McNeil, A. J., Frey, R., Embrechts, P. (2015).Quantitative hazard the board: Concepts, methods and apparatuses. Princeton college press. Sadgrove, K. (2016).The complete manual for business hazard the executives. Routledge. Skaife, H. A., Veenman, D., Wangerin, D. (2013). Inward authority over monetary revealing and administrative lease extraction: Evidence from the productivity of insider trading.Journal of Accounting and Economics,55(1), 91-110. Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., Griffin, M. (2013).Business examination strategies. Cengage Learning.

Sustainability Financial Analysis Project Research Paper

Manageability Financial Analysis Project - Research Paper Example 3). While evaluating and choosing organizations for incorporation to the DJSI, different corporate financial, natural and social execution factors are thought about. These elements incorporate, however are not constrained to: corporate administration, brand the board, hazard and emergency the board, environmental change alleviation, gracefully chain the board, system for developing markets, ecological strategy, water related dangers, crude material sourcing, human capital turn of events, social revealing (DJSI Annual Review, p. 50). All these and different components explicit to every industry having a place with the three columns referenced above are otherwise called an idea of a triple primary concern. Nike Inc. was picked for examination. The organization is remembered for the DOW Jones Sustainability United States Index and has a place with the customer products industry (class: Footwear). The non-DJSI organization that will be examined and contrasted with Nike Inc is the Jones G roup Inc. ... Provider power. Numerous western nations locally fabricating the footwear can’t successfully contend inside the standard market and a great part of the footwear offered inside this market is re-appropriated to minimal effort producing areas, especially South-East Asia (Footwear Industry Profile: United States 14). In any case, numerous western providers have expanded their provider power through separation procedures, for example, top of the line planner footwear and authority foortwear for explicit requirements (Footwear Industry Profile: United States 14). New contestants. The danger of new participants to the foortwear retail showcase is viewed as solid, predominantly because of moderately low fixed expenses for retail activities (Footwear Industry Profile: United States 15). Danger of substitutes. By and large, the danger of substitutes to the market is powerless as footwear is a fundamental need (Footwear Industry Profile: United States 16). Level of contention. There is a high level of contention among huge retail gatherings, which overwhelm the market (Footwear Industry Profile: United States 17). In any case, there are likewise numerous littler retailers that coincide inside the market. Footwear showcase is extensively expanded by retailers, shifting from huge grocery store chains to clothing retailers and devoted shoe retailers (Footwear Industry Profile: United States 17). Organization Business Strategy Analysis As Don Blair, CFO in of NIKE Inc. asserted, â€Å"Innovation is at the core of NIKE, Inc's. business development strategy† (NIKE, Inc. CFO, Don Blair, on Sustainability n.p.). At NIKE, Inc., a manageability procedure is a vital piece of its business methodology. Manageability is seen

The Shift To Interactive Advertising And Apps

The Shift To Interactive Advertising And Apps Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Shift To Interactive Advertising And AppsUpdated On 23/04/2017Author : Selena NarayanasamyTopic : MobilesShort URL : http://bit.ly/2oz4ylI CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogThe advent of mobile handsets capable of supporting apps and other digital content has completely changed the world of advertising.Traditionally, brands used mainstream media channels such as TV or print to advertise and reach their audience. However, as more people begin to own smartphones that are able to display and hold digital content, advertisers are looking increasingly to mobile advertising to reach their target markets. These executions include the launch of many mobile apps, allowing the customer to interact with brands on a personal level.The Current Advertising LandscapeA recent set of figures from Borrell Associates shows clearly the role that mobile advertising will play over the next year. Although, only 15 percent of business owners surveyed in 2010 stated they had tried mobile advertising and 44 percent said they will be looking to implement their own mobile campaigns in 2011. The expenditure dedicated to mobile creative will also rise.6.3bn was spent in 2010 on mobile advertising, although this figure is expected to reach $42.1bn within five years. The survey was conducted with a group of around 3,300 companies but the implications are clear mobile advertising is going to play a large role in marketing during 2011.The Importance of an Interactive CampaignAlthough mobile is growing in terms of its power in the advertising landscape, it is not simply a replacement for more traditional forms of marketing. The key to online marketing is integrating new technologies with existing marketing techniques. If you are trying to determine the number of leads your online campaign has secured or how many clicks your website is getting, you need some sort of tracking software.Equally, once you have a list of customers you need to maintain contact with them through social media, SMS and email executions. Mobile fits in well with the rest of the marketing spectrum and allows you to offer unique content to your customers in an original way namely via the use of apps.READBest Permalink Structure According To Google's EyeSuccessful Campaigns that Have Used Mobile ActivityMore and more firms are using viral solutions to reach prospective customers. Lavazzo, the Italian coffee brand, ran a digital campaign aimed at encouraging interaction with the Italian mindset. Potential customers interested in the lifestyle and culture of Italians are invited to submit questions via a campaign site, which are then answered. The campaign uses a mixture of viral and online marketing.Another outstanding interactive campaign is from HomeAway, the vacation holiday home firm. Not only does the company feature its TV advertising execut ions in pride of place on its website, but allows users to hop on the site where they can create their own customized HomeAway commercial. In this, they can get their face on the baby and star in their commercial. Alternatively, you can also do a customized ad featuring your rental home that pulls in pictures so you can send them to your family or prospects.This is exactly the type of customer to brand interaction that the medium of mobile invites.Although there are no signs of traditional media becoming less useful in advertising just yet, mobile and app activity is on the rise. The key to any successful campaign these days lies in integrating mobile executions with other elements of digital and offline advertising.Can you think of other ways to shift to interactive advertising and apps?

Jingle Shell Description and Profile

If you find a thin, shiny shell while walking on the beach, it might be a  jingle shell.  Jingle shells are shiny  mollusks  that got their name because they produce a bell-like sound when several shells are shaken together. These shells are also called Mermaids toenails, Neptunes toenails, toenail shells, gold shells and saddle oysters. They may wash up in large numbers on beaches after storms.    Description Jingle shells (Anomia simplex) are an organism that attaches to something hard, like wood, a shell, a rock or a boat. They are sometimes mistaken for slipper shells, which also attach to a hard substrate. However, slipper shells have only one shell (also called a valve), while  jingle shells have two. This makes them bivalves, which means they are related to other two-shelled animals such as mussels, clams, and scallops. The shells of this organism are very thin, almost translucent. However, they are very strong. Like mussels,  jingle shells attach using byssal threads. These threads are secreted by a gland located near the  jingle shells foot. They then protrude through a hole in the bottom shell and attach to the hard substrate.   The shell of these organisms takes on the shape of the substrate upon which they attach (for example, a  jingle shell attached to a bay scallop will have ridged shells also). Jingle shells are relatively small - their shells can grow to about 2-3 across. They can be a variety of colors, including white, orange, yellow, silver and black. The shells have a rounded edge but are generally irregular in shape. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: MolluscaClass: BivalviaSubclass:  PteriomorphiaOrder:  PectinoidaFamily: AnomiidaeGenus: AnomiaSpecies: simplex Habitat, Distribution, and Feeding Jingle shells are found along the eastern coast of North America, from Nova Scotia, Canada south to Mexico, Bermuda, and Brazil. They live in relatively shallow water less than 30 feet deep. Jingle shells are filter feeders. They eat plankton by filtering water through their gills, where cilia remove the prey. Reproduction Jingle shells reproduce sexually through spawning. There are usually male and female jingle shells, but occasionally individuals are hermaphroditic. They release gametes into the water column, appearing to spawn in the summertime. Fertilization occurs within the mantle cavity. The young hatch as planktonic larvae that live in the water column before settling to the ocean bottom. Conservation and Human Uses The meat of  jingle shells is very bitter, so they are not harvested for food. They are considered common and have not been evaluated for conservation action. Jingle shells are often collected by beachgoers. They can be made into wind chimes,  jewelry, and other items.   References and Further Information Bouchet, P.; Huber, M.; Rosenberg, G. 2014.  Anomia simplex  dOrbigny, 1853.  Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species, December 21, 2014.Brousseau, D.J. 1984. Reproductive cycle of  Anomia simplex  (Pelecypoda, Anomiidae) from Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Veliger 26(4): 299-304.Coulombe, D. A. 1992. Seaside Naturalist: A Guide to Study at the Seashore. Simon Schuster. 246 pp.Martinez, A. J. 2003. Marine Life of the North Atlantic. AquaQuest Publications, Inc.: New York.The University of Rhode Island.  Jingle Shell (Anomia simplex). Accessed December 19, 2014.

The Efficient Effects Of The Industrial Revolution Essay

The Efficient Effects of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was an influencing time upon world history. Every aspect of life changed for humans, from the places that people are educated, to the clothes that humans wear. Each portion of livelihood was altered in some way with the onset of the Industrial Revolution that continues to modern times. The events of the Industrial Revolution was based upon an economic foundation centered around factories, and was important because for the first time in history it allowed goods to be manufactured on a large scale, which would transform human societies worldwide. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, commodities were produced by the cottage system, which was a slow, intricate process that took numerous steps in providing finished goods to the market. The cottage system was inefficient, unorganized, and was reliant upon individual talents to produce goods or commodities (Manzione). 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An Informational Interview with a Financing Company

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Critical Analysis in Unfair Contracts for Laws- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCritical Analysis in Unfair Contracts for Laws. Answer: Introduction Businesses need contracts for every operation that is meaningful to it. This is more so to small businesses where a business may run into losses or potential losses due to bad contracts. A law in regards to unfair contracts was passed by the federal government on 20th October 2015 which is known as Treasury Legislation Amendment (Small business and unfair contract terms) Bill of 2015. It was made to protect small business traders especially in unfair contract terms. It works as a modification for the Australian Consumer Law (Calamari and Perillo, 2010). Critical Analysis in Unfair Contracts Unfair contractual terms are applicable for the standard contracts only and can be regulated by the Australian Consumer Laws. The provisions of this law were established in January 2011 to protect the fairness of the terms that are represented in the contract. For a contract to be deemed unfair it must If it is biased to one party and avoids the convenience of the other party It has an imbalance in tilt of favor and has an advantage of one party over another The obligations faced by the parties are not equal One party gains more at the expense of the other party or parties It provides one of the parties the power to renew a contract and does not give the other It allows one party to redo the contractual terms. There are many other factors that are also considered in declaring a standard contract unfair. It is also important to consider the transparency and upfront cost of the contract in declaring it to be unfair. The contract as a whole also needs to be considered because many times, a term individually may seem unfair (Eisenberg, 2009). But if considered from the point of view of the whole contract, the term may seem legitimate. For the last few years, there have been many reports questioning the unfairness and terms between big businesses and small businesses (Smith, 2011). What are business litigation? This is taking legal redress in case a contract has been violated or unfair to one party. Business contract agreement is meant to be informative and useful; however, legal issues can become stressful and complicated. A business law attorney can address the particular legal needs and represent you in a court of law (Chitty and Beale, 2012). Reasons Business Contracts May Be Unenforceable Companies rely on written business contracts with customers, suppliers and employees to create a solid framework for a business relationship. The contract governs the terms of an employment relationship, and provides important protections for the parties involved. A good contract can help avoid litigation, or prevail in a lawsuit if a dispute ends in court. However, there are some circumstances in which a court can find a contract is not enforceable. Here are some of them: Lack of capacity. All parties to a contract must be able to understand what they are accepting, and if one of the parties does not do so - for reasons that may include mental incapacity or if they do not understand the language of the contract - the contract could be voided in the reasons for the lack of capacity (Smith, 2011). Coercion If one of the parties to a contract signed under duress or was in any way obliged to sign, this may invalidate the contract. The undue influence. If someone is pressured by another person or circumstance (for example, threatening their livelihood or propagating falsehoods) in signing an agreement, this may be cause to void a contract. False statements. If any falsehood occurred during negotiations, this may invalidate a contract. If they are not disclosed. If one party to the contract says nothing about the important details those results in misrepresentation, this may cause a contract to be unenforceable. Injustice. If any of the terms of the contract can be interpreted as manifestly unfair - that is, one of the parties is given a considerable advantage that is considered inconceivable - this may void a contract. Non-compliance with public policies. If any of the terms of the contract specifies that one or more of the parties must act illegally to comply with the terms of the contract, or the forces of one of the parties waive certain legal rights, the contract cannot be enforced (Chitty and Beale, 2012). Mistakes . Unintentional errors made by one or both p arties that have a significant impact on the terms of the contract may render it unenforceable. Impossibility. If a party experiences an unforeseen event or circumstance - that is, a fire or a natural disaster that prevents them from delivering a product or service - this may render the contract unenforceable.Is a verbal agreement legally binding in Australia? Is it a verbal agreement legally binding on the long term (WILLETT, 2016). The states and regions additionally implement these laws in their individual wards and can likewise make a move in the Government Court. The offices cooperate to guarantee a reliable way to deal with consistence and authorization. Conclusion In the here and now there will be extensive interruption however in the more extended term the more quick witted undertakings, including government ventures, will survey their agreements and the enactment will make them significantly more profitable. What's more, recall it is our littler undertakings that will be the huge businesses without bounds. On the off chance that they have reasonable contracts they will utilize significantly more individuals without a doubt, this was the motivation behind why the enactment was passed (Lawson, 2014). References Calamari, J. and Perillo, J. (2010). Contracts. St. Paul, MN: Thomson/West. Chitty, J. and Beale, H. (2012). Chitty on contracts. London: Sweet Maxwell. Eisenberg, M. (2009). Contracts. London: Thomson Reuters (Legal). Emanuel, S. (n.d.). Contracts. Lawson, R. (2014). Exclusion clauses and unfair contract terms. London: Sweet Maxwell, Thomson Reuters. Smith, M. (2011). Contracts. Chatswood, N.S.W.: LexisNexis Butterworths. WILLETT, C. (2016). FAIRNESS IN CONSUMER CONTRACTS. [Place of publication not identified]: ROUTLEDGE.

WordPress vs Drupal SEO, Security, Extensions ... All Compared

When it comes to content management systems, there are two names that stand out: WordPress vs Drupal. Each has its own loyal community, a long list of popular websites that it powers, as well as a wide range of features and functionality.It is common knowledge that WordPress is easier to use and more popular, as compared to Drupal that has a smaller community and a steeper learning curve. But apart from that, what really separates the two? In this article, I shall attempt to compare WordPress vs Drupal across a given set of fields.WordPress vs Drupal: 4-round comparisonWordPress vs Drupal usage stats, according to https://w3techs.com/technologies/overview/content_management/all1. Search engine optimizationSearch engine optimization, or SEO, is of utmost importance for the health of your website. If your site does not do well in terms of page ranks and search results, your online presence will suffer, badly.As a matter of fact, both WordPress vs Drupal are good with SEO. To be honest, Google (or any other search engine for that matter) does not truly care which platform you are using, as long as your content is in order and you follow the SEO norms. However, Matt Cutts of Google has stated that WordPress is a good choice in terms of SEO, as shown in this video:And of course, WordPress users have the luxury of amazing plugins such as All in One SEO Pack and Yoast SEO that can help in terms of SEO.However, it is also worth pointing out that Drupal is not a minnow when it comes to search engines Yoast SEO, for example, is available for Drupal as well. Furthermore, it is often unknown to non-users of Drupal, but the software comes with SEO-friendly features that WordPress lacks in the absence of external plugins. For instance, native caching is supported by Drupal out of the box, whereas WordPress needs additional plugins for caching. Page caching leads to faster load times and that, obviously, is a very useful metric to boost your pagerank.All things considered, W ordPress wins the SEO round due to the number of available plugins that can help your sites SEO in many different ways.2. SecurityFor anything on the internet, security is a concept that is really vital, but can never be absolutely achieved. Nothing on the internet is 100% safe or secure, nor can it ever be. We can only try to achieve a great level of security, and the same applies to both WordPress and Drupal, as well as any other similar piece of software.Drupal has, over the years, earned a reputation for its secure and robust performance. While it has had its own share of issues, such as numerous SQL injection vulnerabilities, the community has been quick to respond and for the most part, Drupal has fared well in terms of combating security threats. The fact that the likes of The White House and The Economist prefer to rely on Drupal is a testimony to this effect.WordPress, however, is not weak in terms of security either. While this is a known fact that WordPress gets way more security threats and malware attacks than any other software, this has more to do with WPs popularity and less to do with any potential lack of security practices.Yet, all said and done, there is less margin for error in terms of security when using Drupal as compared to WordPress, simply because there is a ridiculously large number of plugins and themes that are readily available for WordPress, and are poorly coded and can pose a security issue for your website. The WordPress community is very quick to respond to any such issue, but there is still a window for error as an obsolete plugin can compromise a website. Since the number of such plugins and themes is smaller for Drupal, the window for error too becomes smaller.This round goes to Drupal.3. Ability to extend and customizeWordPress is backed by a large number of themes and plugins (both free and premium) that you can use to extend its functionality and features. You can create eCommerce stores, news sites, portfolio sites, an d a lot more with WordPress by using the right combination of plugins and themes.Drupal too is backed by extensions and modules that can help you extend its functionality, but this number is comparatively smaller. This does not mean you cannot customize Drupal; you still can do a lot with it, but the learning curve is steeper, and you require a lot more efforts when accomplishing something unique with Drupal as you might when doing the same with WordPress. That said, as a developer, you can tweak Drupal to your hearts extent, and this is probably why we see many Drupal sites with a very unique nature. But for non-developers, WordPress is still the way to go when thinking WordPress vs Drupal.This round goes to WordPress.4. Content management and performanceBoth Drupal and WordPress can do a lot in terms of content management and performance. While user interface and ease of use are a matter of perspective, as what is usable and familiar for one user might be unusable for the other, t here are certain areas where each of these two CMSs can prove its worth.In terms of resources, both WordPress vs Drupal are universally supported, coded mostly in PHP, and work well on even the lesser powerful servers or shared platforms. Of course, installation of additional modules or plugins can cause either of the two CMSs to bloat down a WordPress installation with 45 plugins is definitely likely to slow down, and the same applies to Drupal. But there has been a tendency among Drupal users to rely on lesser modules this can be attributed to the fact that the Drupal community has a larger number of developers, whereas WordPress user base has a very lenient distribution of end users as well.All said and done, Drupal has a very noticeable downside as compared to WordPress. Basic tasks such as updating your CMS are more time-consuming in Drupal and way easier in WordPress. Plus, the fact that there are more publications and outlets for WordPress-related content is another advanta geous situation: you can learn about WordPress at a faster pace as compared to Drupal.The final round goes to WordPress.ConclusionDrupal offers a lot of a features out of the box, such as page caching, and a lot more. It is a flexible system, and once you master the ropes, you can virtually create any genre or nature of website using Drupal.But WordPress is still highly usable and in a better overall situation than Drupal. It is more popular (and therefore better supported), and easier to use and deploy. By using the right combination of plugins and themes, WordPress can serve your web design and development projects very well.As you look at the points above, WordPress takes it today in our WordPress vs Drupal comparison. But were probably a bit biased, in all honestyWhat do you think? Are WordPress and Drupal capable of running equal websites and serving their users with the same level of quality? Share your thoughts in the comments below!Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

The Enlightenment

The Enlightenment The Enlightenment History Essay Example The Enlightenment History Essay Example The Enlightenment (the Age of Enlightenment/Age of Reason) was purely a cultural movement of intellectuals in the mid 17th and 18th centuries. This began first in Europe and later found its way into the American colonies. Its main purpose was to alter the way of thinking using reason and challenge ideas in tradition and faith. It also played the role of advancing knowledge using scientific methods. It promoted scientific way of thinking, intellectual interchange and skepticism. The Enlightenment opposed all forms of intolerance, superstition and some abuses of power by the state and the church. The provenance of the age of reason lies in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. This unique, revolutionary way of living had the backing of many philosophers. Most these philosophers included Baruch Spinoza, Isaac Newton, John Locke, Pierre Bayle and Voltaire. Most ruling princes often supported and made attempts of applying the ideologies in the Enlightenment revolution in their own governments. This had the identity of Enlightened Despotism. To a large extent, the Scientific Revolution has very close ties with the Enlightenment. Its discoveries did overturn various traditional concepts and brought different perspectives on man’s place and nature within it. The Enlightenment blossomed until about 1790–1800.   After this period, the emphasis on reason led to the Romanticisms emphasis on emotion. In this manner, Counter-Enlightenment garnered further support (â€Å"The Enlightenment† n.d.). Among the new political philosophies of the Enlightenment was that of the Englishman, John Locke. He expressed the contract theory of governance. Locke said that there was a contract between the government and the people; that the people were sovereign and had fashioned government in so as to meet certain political needs. As long as the government served those needs, it was worthy of the support of the citizens. However, when the government failed to fulfill its promise, the people had no obligation of supporting it. The people should replace that government with another. This Englishman expressed his ideas following the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The philosophy appears to be a justification for those political actions. Similarly, the political circumstances in France gave motivation to Montesquieu to write the â€Å"Spirit of the Laws†. In his writing, he advocated   Ã‚  for separation of powers as a way of preventing power abuse. This man was an aristocrat who viewed the power exercised of regional parliaments as a superb way of controlling the power monarchical powers. In a unique way, Voltaire provided one of the most outstanding representations of the Enlightenment. His political philosophy offered much support to absolute monarchy. He, however, wrote in favor of an â€Å"enlightened† style of  absolutism. Voltaire is also famous for his advocacy of dissident ideas and tolerance for different people. He supported strongly the idea of freedom of expression and religious freedom. After years of flourishing and significant, there came a time when the Enlightenment elicited sharp reactions from different philosophical minds. They challenged the ideologies in the context of the Enlightenment way of thinking. Many people, including David Hume, questioned the Enlightenment faith in reason as the sole means to progress.  He suggested that the driving force for people to exercise had its firm anchor within their desires and needs. In another skeptical analysis of the Enlightenment, Jean Jacques Rousseau blankly departs from this perspective, suggesting that civilization is largely corrupting to the minds of the people. This diminishes any optimism in the Enlightenment faith and brings a serious challenge to the fundamental pillars of the movement. There is a perception that the Enlightenment undermined the general will of the people.  Although, it started well, the end was a concoction of bitter skepticism and diverse opinion about the movement (â€Å"The Enlig htenment† n.d.). Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon was a French, political and military leader who soared to prominence in the final stages of the famous French Revolution. As Napoleon I, he reined from the year 1804 to the year 1815. People fondly remember this legendary ruler of France for his spirited fight against different coalitions that waged wars against France during his time. The wars had the prominent recognition of Napoleonic wars. To a large extent, Napoleon is a child of the French Revolution. He set up hegemony over most of the continental Europe and purposed to advocate for the embracing of the ideals and ideology of the French Revolution. When he took the leadership mantle of the nation of France, Napoleon did commendably well by keeping some of the revolutionary reforms. They included the upholding of the people’s right to keep the land that had been grabbed from the Church, for instance.   He also fostered the idea of â€Å"career open to talents† and people’s equality before the laws of the land (Schom 1998). Napoleon’s legal reform, the famous Napoleonic Code, has always been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions universally. However, many people around the world give napoleon the sole credit for his successful, courageous fight against his foes in a series of fierce wars. As a result of his immense success in those wars, often against numerically superior adversaries, people generally regard Napoleon as one of the leading military commanders of all time. His campaigns have found adoration in many military academies not only in Europe but also the entire world. At the same time, he made tremendous efforts of consolidating an imperial monarchy that rebuilt aspects of the ousted ancient regime, or simply, the pre-revolutionary era. He reintroduced the unbearably strict censorship and the nasty imprisonment without trial. During napoleon’s tenure as France’s top leader, the elected, legislative bodies existed for that virtue of existing. However, he withdrew all the powers of such bodies and amassed all of it to himself. His upheld the imperial rule which made him more or less the same as the pre-revolutionary leaders of France. He conferred full authority to the male individuals as heads of their families. He withdrew the women’s rights that the Revolution secured for them. He did this in totality, leaving female members of the society under the mercy of the male counterparts. This tarnishes his image as a man who had lost track of the intention and of his course to nurture and safeguard the ideals of the French revolutio n. Napoleon’s Goals Napoleon fought relentlessly against the enemies of France, and ruled his country almost totally, by imperial decree. He ensured he had a firm grip on the affairs in his own backyard while trying to spread the influence of the French Empire in the continental Europe. He had the powers in his hands, and made sure there was little or no anti-Napoleon force that could derail his international missions of conquest. Therefore, what were his goals? Napoleon did not fight blindly. He had goals in mind. Generally, he wanted to build France in the same manner as the Roman Empire. He desired to have an empire full of greatness, national pride, many colonies and a massive territory. He also had the noble goal of living to the expectations and ideals of the French Revolution (Harvey 2006). live CHAT

Consumer Behavior according to Demographics Assignment - 6

Consumer Behavior according to Demographics - Assignment Example The respondents are further subdivided into four categories with respect to their age. There are respondents with age ranging from 15 to 25 years old and this group is 27% of the total sample size. Another group of respondents consists of samples with age ranging from 26 to 35 years old. This group is 73% of the total sample size. Another classification of respondents is according to their gender. The percentage of male respondents is 47% and the remaining percentage which is 53% goes to female respondents. This is shown in Table 2 below. Respondents are also classified according to their lifestyle. As shown in Table 3 below, the percentage of respondents who are active and dedicated is 46% and about 7% for respondents who identified themselves as romantic. There are no respondents who are longing for security, relaxed and uninvolved and others. The 13% of respondents find themselves aggressive. Another 7% of the respondents identified themselves single-minded and the remaining 27% find themselves active but lack of time. This can be further justified statistically if the probability value (P-value) is greater than 0.05. This means that there is no significant difference observed between the means of the two compared population responses. Thus, Ho is accepted. On the other hand, in the event that the P-value is less than 0.05, then this result suggests a significant difference observed between the means of the two compared population responses. Thus, Ho is rejected. The first item is asking the respondents whether friends influence them to watch a film. The responses of the respondents can be affected by how socially active they are in making and hanging out with friends.  

International Business Enviroment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Business Enviroment - Essay Example It intends to make its investments in Kenya, with intent to providing cloud computing services. The essence of this work and report is to evaluate and to critically analyze how viable this idea is. It will do this by discussing a few factors such as the institution systems in Kenya, exchange regime that governs the country and the political risks involved, and how they may affect the success or failure of the iomart venture. The report shall then be submitted to the CEO of iomart Group of Companies, with a conclusion on whether the idea is viable or not, and furnished with a few recommendations. Table of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 National Institutions Systems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Exchange Rate Regime†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 Political Risks†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9 Conclusion and Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.12 International Business Environment Introduction . ... The iomart Group is keen to expand and one of its objectives is to be a globally recognized brand. The last expansion phase saw it expand to Asia and now the focus has shifted to Africa. The iomart Group is highly profitable and as a result has been able to take advantage of business opportunities around the globe through comprehensive market researches (iomart, 2013). Kenya is considered to be East Africa’s fastest growing economy, and is endowed with many resources. In the recent past, the country has witnessed many drastic changes and growth in terms of leadership, growth of industries, expansion of investments and growth in the national Gross Domestic Product (Nzwili, 2012; Nyong’o, 2007). The iomart branch, if established, is intended to be a major provider of cloud computing services to the already established and the growing businesses in Kenya (iomart, 2013). This report will serve to examine the exchange regimes that govern Kenya, determine and compare the two countries’ national institution systems and finally look at the political risks in Kenya. A conclusion shall be drawn and recommendations given. National Institution Systems It is important to know the institutions that govern businesses in a country and how different they are from what one is used to (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2009). The IT firm to be established, just like the iomart in U.K will deal with handling personal data, and hence this will be the main issue since Kenya and UK have different policies regarding how personal information is treated. The main body that regulates the operations of the IT industry in Kenya is the Communication Commission of Kenya and the National Communications Secretariat. These two regulatory bodies are

Organic Synthesis of Polymers | Essay

Organic Synthesis of Polymers | Essay Polymeric reagents offer a variety of unique benefits. Intra-molecular reactions, such as the cyclization of peptides or Dieckmann cyclizations, can be applied by attaching the reactive molecules at distant points along a polymer chain. In contrast, if the reactive molecules are secured in close approprinquity on a polymeric support then intermolecular reactions take place as illustrated for a ketone synthesis. Besides such proximity effects, mutual effects can also be oppressed, e.g. in the accumulation of a 2:1 complex of a crown ether and an alkali metal ion. The hydrolysis of an ester with polyvinylimidazole gives a wide demonstration of hydrophobic intercommunications. The simple dialysis of polymer-bound and low-molecular compounds by filtration is another significant benefit. The use of suitable additions of polymer-supported reagents, catalysts and/or scavengers is a powerful method, both for the synthesis of single organic compounds and for parallel synthesis. A further step of development is the use of such reactants in flow systems. So far, it has been shown that a range of flow formats bear excellent chemical yields and, where relevant, excellent enantio-meric molecules. The base has a longer lifetime than in batch systems. ‘Flow cascades’ promise to be considerable in future. Studies on the relevency of conventional liquid-state NMR spectroscopy for the examination of solid-phase organic reactions straightly on the resin will be described. For a systematic clarification small and easily assignable molecules substituted with a chain of different lengths were symphonized. In a continues step, these so-called sensor molecules were attached with commercially available resins. 2nd lot Polymer-supported synthesis (PSS) process involves the momentary coupling of synthesis substrates to a polymer carrier and thus curtails product purification and isolation to simple filtration and washing exercises. Since the polymers used in PSS are commonly not functionalized and inert to the many reaction conditions used in organic synthesis, a willingly cleavable linker intrinsic is used to attach the synthesis substrate to the polymer. Few of these linker groups are correlative of common preserving groups that are used in flight-step solution-phase syntheses .As are the superiority of such standard preserving groups, most linker groups used in Polymer-supported synthesis are a chiral. Nonetheless, chiral molecules have also been investigated as linker groups in such a way that they act as chiral auxiliaries in unbalanced Polymer-supported synthesis. This summarizes the information describing use of such chiral linkers and other chiral auxiliaries in PSS. The paradigm presented herein are correlated according to the functional group of the auxiliary that is used to hitch up the synthesis substrate. After all the inception of the Merrifield method for peptide synthesis, impenetrable polymer supports have been assimilated into various synthetic methodologies to easy product purification. Despite highly acknowledged, solid-phase synthesis still illustrates various weakness due to the nature of heterogeneous molecules reaction conditions. Non-linear kinetic behavior, uneven distribution and/or ingress to the chemical reaction, solvation problems, and pure synthetic problems concorded with solid-phase synthesis have led many labs to move towards alternative methods to restore uniform reaction conditions. By replacing insoluble cross-linked resins with soluble polymer supports the same reaction conditions of classical organic chemistry are reinstated, and yet product purification is still expedited through the usage of macro-molecular properties. This methodology, termed liquid-phase synthesis, in essence avoids the hurdles of solid-phase synthesis while conserving its positive aspec ts. The term â€Å"liquid-phase† synthesis was earlier used to highlight the heterogeneity between solid-phase peptide synthesis and a method of synthesis on soluble polyethylene glycol. 3rd lot CONCLUSION Thereafter some primary blooming reports, the use of polymer backed chiral auxiliaries was a comparatively latent area of research. Although, along with the latest rejuvenation of interest in polymer-supported organic synthesis. In general, the usage of auxiliaries in such synthesis has now increased over the past few years. Already, the clogging of a broad range of auxiliaries onto polymer supports has been proclaimed. In such instances, the auxiliary is used both to urge imbalance into the reaction, and also to correlate the synthesis substrate to the polymer carrier. Usually, when comparisons have been made, the output of the polymer supported reactions speculum those of the comparable solution-phase experiments. In a few examined aspects, the polymer- supported auxiliaries really incured more enantio-selectivity than their soluble supplements. Many of the illustrations represented here used commercially available polystyrene resins as the polymer supported. Given the current and ongoing explore into the growth of innovative polymers that provide enhanced physical and chemical properties, it can be anticipated that polymer-supported auxiliaries will turn into eternally more useful in asymmetric synthesis. For instance, polystyrene resins that contain cross-linkers or polar grafts have been proclaimed that widen the variety of solvents with which they are well-matched. Further, in addition to polystyrene polymers, polyethers, polyamines, and polysaccharides have all been recently inspected as supports that may possibly have advantageous properties. Consequently, as the polymer chains are superior and develop into additional companionable with the essential solvents, they possibly will present healthier deliverance of the synchronization complexes and/or alteration states requisite for elevated enantio-selectivity and thus escort to reactions with augmented selectivity. Liquid-phase methodologies offer unconventional strategies for compound synthesis by incorporating the constructive aspects of both conventional and solid-phase chemistry. Enabling homogeneous reaction circumstances and simplifying separation of product, liquid phase synthesis has established efficacy for peptide, oligonucleotide, oligosaccharide, and shows assurity for the usage in tiny molecule synthesis. Research in combinatorial chemistry has brought to the introduction of LPCS in regulate to abridge and speed the synthesis and broadcasting of small molecule libraries for drug lead invention. Undoubtedly supplementary applications will be revealed for liquid-phase methodologies. In addition, the current two-dimensional structure might be tuned for specific properties (and applications). This is a key prospect that coherent synthesis offers over pyrolytic approaches. For example, each one repeated unit carries a benzotriate cap that can be detached by ester hydrolysis to give a two-dimensional polymer with accurate, undersized pores that could be valuable for discerning enclosure or filtration of diminutive molecules. The hydroxyl groups of the decapped two-dimensional polymer can also be used as specifically spaced anchors to affix chemical entities of various sorts. 4th lot ROLE OF CHLORAMINE-T AND BROMAMINE-T AS SYNTHETIC REAGENTS The chlorine compound, chloramine-T (CAT), a by-product in saccharin synthesis, is well-known as an analytical reagent and the mechanistic aspects of its reactions have been acknowledged by Campbell and Johnson. The well-known members of this category of compounds are chloramine-T, chloramine-B and the equivalent bromine analogues broniamine-T. bromamine-B. From the time when these oxidants respond with a wide range of functional groups, they are used as reagents for logical and kinetic investigations. Chalcones are those substances found in a numeral of plants or unnaturally prepared. They exhibit various biological actions viz., antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, ant mitotic, antitumor, cytotoxicity, analgesic and antipyretic properties. They furthermore act as impending anti-ulcer, antifungal, anticancer and antimalerial agents. A variety of oxidants have been used for the corrosion of chalcones. Polymer-supported metal complexes have originated an imperative position in synthetic organic chemistry showing well predictable benefits over the homogeneous systems. This type of anchored catalysts have been deliberated by numerous researchers to contrast the performance of transition metal catalysts in harmonized and assorted states, due to superior catalytic activity showed by these anchored catalysts under a little reaction parameters. Some information have been available from our group on the restriction of different metal complexes on organic polymer with their applications as catalysts. Aziridines, belonging to the nominal group of hetero-cycles, is an imperative category of compounds and is used as intermediates for functional group modifications. Synthesis of aziridines is consequently a matter of greatly explore ended the preceding few years. The most atom applicable method of synthesis of aziridines lies in the direct aziridination of olefins with appropriate nitrenes. Bromamine-T, 1 (TsN-NaBr) can be used as a advanced resource of nitrogen in the copper catalyzed aziridination of various olefins. 5th lot REACTIVITY OF N-BROMO RESINS WITH DIFFERENTLY SUBSTITUTED A-PHENYL ETHANOLS Use of polymer-supported reagents in organic synthesis has increased over the past few years due to its well-situated controlling and easy methods. The significance of these reagents is mostly felt in the new method of combinatorial synthesis, where high output stage phase synthesis is deliberated with polymer supported reagents. The current revision illustrates the steadiness of the latest polymer backed bromine chloride resin and the formerly reported perbromide resin to microwave irradiation conditions. A simplistic regio and chemo selective bromo-methoxylation of a variety of alkenes exploiting the above reagents is proclaimed, including illustration from natural sources. The first usage of polymers in organic synthesis was prepared by Merrifield when he brought his solid phase technique for the amalgamation of peptides. Since then, functionalized polymers have been used in organic synthesis. They have been acted as catalysts and reagents in various types of organic reactions. Various characteristics of polymeric reagents such as: ease of separation, regioselectivity and salvageability to make them distinctive and useful in chemical observence. A huge assortment of polymer supported reagents have been used in organic reactions, e.g., halogenations, condensation, oxidation, reduction. One of the important and exceedingly relevant categories of polymer supported reagents is polymeric oxidizing agents which have been used in abundant organic synthesis. A number of specific features of N-halo reagents such as participation of the N-X bond and different modes of its splitting, decide their broad collection of applications in organic synthesis. Depending on the condition, a numeral of exceedingly imprudent intermediates can be obtained, e.g., halogen radicals, halogen cations, halogen anions, N-radicals, N-cations, and N-anions. For instance, N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) is a general reagent used in organic chemical reactions and promotes incredibly necessary reactions, such as halogenations, solvolytic halogenation, imidation, oxidation, as glowing as other processes consequential in formation of compounds with C-X, C-O, C=O, S-X, P-X, C-N, P-N bonds, etc. The current applications of NBS as catalyst, oxidant, selective brominating reagent, and initiator in the polymerization reactions have been reviewed recently. Synthesis and applications of many polymeric species of N-halo compounds have been investigated, i.e., poly(pN-chlorostyrenesulphonamide), N-chloronylones, and poly(N-bromoacrylamide). However, there are a few reports on polymers or copolymers containing N-halosuccinimide. Yaroslavsky et al. introduced the synthesis of N-chloro and N- bromopolymaleimide and used as halogenating agents. Polymers and copolymers containing bromosuccinimde moiety have been used for oxidation of acetals. Various researches indicate that poly (N-bromomaleimide) has not been systematically investigated as a polymeric oxidizing reagent in the pasture of organic synthesis. In this revision, we wish to testimony the synthesis of poly(N-bromomaleimide) with diverse cross linking densities and their applications in assorted oxidation reactions such as: oxidation of alcohols to their equivalent carbonyl compounds, synthesis of ketophosphonates from their hydroxyphosphonates, oxidative conversion of sulphide to sulphoxide, oxidative coupling of thiols, and oxidative deprotection of oximes to carbonyl compounds. Towering steadiness of this polymeric reagent compared to its low molecular weight counterparts, trouble-free work up measures of the reactions, and its rejuvenation and salvage formulate it beneficial over comparable N-halo reagents. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the current study are as follows: To study the organic synthesis of polymers. To study the solid-phase polymeric analogues of Chloramine T and Bromamine – T. To investigate the thermal stability of polymeric Bromamine – T.

Ethics in Business Decision Making Essay -- Business Ethics, Normative

The field of ethics (or moral philosophy) involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior (Fieser, 2009). Many of the decisions one faces in a typical day could result in a multitude of outcomes. At times it can be hard to determine whether or not the decision you are making is an ethical one. Many philosophies have been devised to illustrate the different ways of evaluating moral decisions. Normative ethics focuses on assessing right and wrong behavior. This may involve reinforcing positive habits, duties we should follow, or the consequences of our behavior (Fieser, 2009). Of the many normative philosophies two stand out to be most accepted; teleology and deontology. Although they oppose each other in how actions are evaluated, they uphold many similar characteristics under the surface. Normative ethics involves either a single rule or a set of principles to evaluate moral conduct. Teleology stipulates that acts are morally acceptable if they produce some desired result. Deontology on the other hand, focuses on the preservation of individual rights and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior. In summation, teleological philosophies consider the ends, or consequences, associated with an action whereas deontological philosophies consider the means (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2011). This is why teleology is commonly referred to as Consequentialism. In addition to the rule, deontology also cites individual absolute rights: freedom of conscience, freedom of consent, freedom of privacy, freedom of speech, and due process. Deontologist employ this set of freedoms because they believe certain rights should never be violated even if it is to produce a greater good (Ferre... ...ord.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/ Encyclopedia Britannica. (2011). Retrieved 24 2011, 3, from Utilitarianism: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620682/utilitarianism Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2011). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Fieser, J. (2009, 5 10). Ethics. Retrieved 3 26, 2011, from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://www.iep.utm.edu/ethics/ Frankena, W. K. (1963). Ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2003, 5 20). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 3 15, 2011, from Consequentialism : http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism/ Taliaferro, C. (2010, 4 27). stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 3 11, 2011, from Philosophy of Religion: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/philosophy-religion/ Ethics in Business Decision Making Essay -- Business Ethics, Normative The field of ethics (or moral philosophy) involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior (Fieser, 2009). Many of the decisions one faces in a typical day could result in a multitude of outcomes. At times it can be hard to determine whether or not the decision you are making is an ethical one. Many philosophies have been devised to illustrate the different ways of evaluating moral decisions. Normative ethics focuses on assessing right and wrong behavior. This may involve reinforcing positive habits, duties we should follow, or the consequences of our behavior (Fieser, 2009). Of the many normative philosophies two stand out to be most accepted; teleology and deontology. Although they oppose each other in how actions are evaluated, they uphold many similar characteristics under the surface. Normative ethics involves either a single rule or a set of principles to evaluate moral conduct. Teleology stipulates that acts are morally acceptable if they produce some desired result. Deontology on the other hand, focuses on the preservation of individual rights and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior. In summation, teleological philosophies consider the ends, or consequences, associated with an action whereas deontological philosophies consider the means (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, 2011). This is why teleology is commonly referred to as Consequentialism. In addition to the rule, deontology also cites individual absolute rights: freedom of conscience, freedom of consent, freedom of privacy, freedom of speech, and due process. Deontologist employ this set of freedoms because they believe certain rights should never be violated even if it is to produce a greater good (Ferre... ...ord.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/ Encyclopedia Britannica. (2011). Retrieved 24 2011, 3, from Utilitarianism: http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/620682/utilitarianism Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J., & Ferrell, L. (2011). Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases. Mason, Ohio: South-Western Cengage Learning. Fieser, J. (2009, 5 10). Ethics. Retrieved 3 26, 2011, from Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: http://www.iep.utm.edu/ethics/ Frankena, W. K. (1963). Ethics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sinnott-Armstrong, W. (2003, 5 20). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 3 15, 2011, from Consequentialism : http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism/ Taliaferro, C. (2010, 4 27). stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved 3 11, 2011, from Philosophy of Religion: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/philosophy-religion/

Comparing Conflict Theory and Social Control Theory Essay

A major purpose of this paper is to discuss conflict theory and social control theory from many phases. Sociological imagination originated in 1950 beginning with C. Wright Mills, an American sociologist. The concept of sociological imagination refers to how many factors there are in sociology that shape and mold the connections between what indirectly associates personal levels to simple aspects of life for people. In this paper I will discuss the implications of how personal issues are parallel to social problems in which people try to associate as a link to society. However, in exploring the basis of sociological imagination there are distinctions made between the two. For instance, teenage pregnancy is an issue suggested by Mills that teen mothers must realize that teen pregnancy is not an isolated problem. Teenage pregnancy is a vastly growing issue that young girls face in every community. Instead of being overridden with feelings of guilt and shame, the theory of sociological imagination suggests that teen pregnant girls should blame parents, peers, lack of information in school, or other societal influences that led to the current dilemma. In this paper I will discuss how the relationships, values, commitments, and beliefs are encouraging factors for people to avoid crime or break laws set forth by government. If people would internalize moral values and take pride in the community, the desire to commit deviant acts will be obsolete. Understanding the reduction of crime is a concept of social control theory. A focus of discussion in this paper is comparing conflict and social control theories and the motivational issues stating that individuals choose to participate in a variety of activities that led to criminal behavior. A derivative view of human nature states that choice constraints exist through implicit social agreements, arrangements, or contracts among individuals. Morality derives from social order, consequences that come from choices, and defining actions as illegal and lacking in morality. Discussion Basis of conflict theory is the viewpoint that the causes of crime are social and financial forces operating in society. The focus of conflict in communities is keeping with general evolutionary considerations without being genetically identifiable, all organisms display conflicts of interests. Arguments exist stating that criminal law is thought to operate in favor of rich and powerful people with policies in place to control the poor. The foundation basis of the criminal justice society is to impose moral standards in communities. The main focus is the separation of powerful individuals from those less fortunate who steal and protect themselves from attacks. During this process, ignoring the rights of poor people becomes prevalent. Middle-class individuals show favoritism to the upper-class rather than the poor, thinking that this type of mentality will aid in their rise to the top by supporting the upper echelon. Drug crimes and minor monetary crimes are severely punishable by law , large business, and financial crimes are lenient in punishment. As an example, a person stealing a television will receive a longer sentence than a person who embezzles millions of dollars through illegal business transactions. Conflict theory variations since 1960 include radical feminism, left realism, and peacemaking criminology. Radical feminism is women under capitalism. Dominant male figures are normal occurrences in society, woman are subject to this dominance in the home and work environment, and in society. Radical feminist criminologists have researched the unfair treatment of female teenagers. Studies show that female teenagers are likely to be in an institution for violations such as running away from their home, and are more prone to be sexually active. In the work environment women must be on guard for sexual attacks from men and negative comments in relation to promotional incentives. Left realism is a response to the movement of crime victims. Criminologists realize that most victims are not rich but poor. Predatory crimes are attacks on family and neighborhoods. The bottom line is left realists have the revelation that the criminal justice system acts to halt victimization without consideration of the classification of its perpetrators. Also focusing on deviant behaviors of the rich and successful must be thorough because business and financial crimes remain important. Peacemaking criminology investigates international concerns such as genocide and war. International issues for  the rights of humans and universal justice are subjects of major concern. The theory of social control deals with issues promoting social order and conformity. Many factors determine if a person will or will not engage in criminal or deviant behavior. Sociologists research various reasons for conformity and nonconformity to social norms. Social control theory studies how the issuance of rules in society is to maintain a standard of order. The th eory of social control suggests that social stability relies on the expectations that people relate to one another regarding decency and morality. Regulatory standards of human behavior in society are the foundation of social control theory. Identifying methods that can prevent deviant behaviors or deter individuals from law breaking activities are the main focus of the social control theory. The theory generalizes on two important areas: formal and informal control systems. Both formal and informal systems build on norms set forth by popularity in society. The difference is formal control systems are structuring tools of the legal system and informal control systems start within families, friends, and customs. In correspondence to criminal behaviors Ivan Nye developed four areas of control in society: 1. Direct – dictates rewarding for good behavior and punishment is administered for defiant behavior. 2. Internal – drives individuals by their conscience 3. Indirect – drives individuals by the innate desire to please others closest to him or her 4. Needs satisfaction – unnecessary criminal behavior when needs are met Social control maintains when the needs of the individual is met. When an individual’s needs are met he or she is less likely to commit crimes. Social control theory has a major role in understanding criminal behaviors. The view of criminal acts is behavioral techniques learned from peers that become his or her perceptions of normality in society. An individual’s constant exposure to deviant behaviors makes him or her more vulnerable to participate in the same behaviors he or she witnesses. In comparison of the conflict and social control theories both are a basis of extensive research. However, essentially the result is an individual’s behavior in society and the foundation of early childhood. In life there are choices to be made right and wrong. Socially greed often overtakes the desire to do the right thing  and wrong decisions seem inevitable. The choices that we make follow us from adolescence to adulthood. Socially correct should not mean belittling the poor, but the social correct should encourage the poor to excel. Conflict happens daily in our lives, marriages, employment, and school. Dealing with conflict in communities heals the wounds that a lack of morality and education causes. A struggle for power occurs in social classes in comparison to a balance of power. In the end one group is not victorious over the other. Conclusion Social controls that triumph in society are the effect of conflicts of interest with an undetermined outcome by reason for evolutionary theory. Evolutionary theory suggests that without genetic identity conflicts among individuals will exist. Different conflicts in relation to social controls – controlled behaviors and who gains from the controlling behavior are noted as a factor in how the behavior of individuals relates to crime and control. Some controls may benefit rich and powerful men, middle-class men, or the entire group of men, and those individuals whose behavior adapts to constraints of control. In conflict theory invisible tension exists in rich and poor members of the community. The law protects the white-collar worker and the layman is left to protect him or herself. Personal issues are socially problematic and issues that cause debate, frustration, and power are conflicting. The key to both theories discussed in the paper is to understand the behaviors of criminals. Society views criminal acts as behaviors learned from peers and exposure to crime settings. Criminal behaviors are recurring when the foundation of youth is not of a positive nature. Crime will continue impacting society until positive crime prevention programs are in place and the successful implementation of rules is followed. References Gibbs, J.P. (1989). Control: sociology’s central notion. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley. University of California Press. Krohn, M. and Massey, J. (1980). Social control and delinquent behavior: an examination of the elements of the social bond. Sociological Quarterly. 21. Sampson, R.J. and Laub J.H. (1993). Crime in the making: pathways and turning points through life. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard University Press.

Ipms Project Management - 21640 Words

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But they were not using any customized solution (customized business software suit) for this purpose instead they were simply using Microsoft Office for maintaining their data and information, wherein they were storing data but the processing was almost negligible because of limited functionality of these applications. Since Tata Consultancy Services has already automated many of the government and non-government organizations with the best of the customized functional solutions in the recent past, the first name that came in the minds of the management of the department was of TCS. After the approval of project proposal against the UAPWD’s RFP in the year 2005, TCS started its primary research for designing the system blue-print for the customized solution. 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Ipms Project Management - 21640 Words

SUMMER TRAINING REPORT SUBMITTED TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF POST GRADUATE DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Development and Deployment of Project Management Application and Management Information System For Public Works Department Uttarakhand AT MBA-IB (2006-2008) Roll No. : A1802006276 (E25) SUBMITTED BY: SACHIN GUPTA Mr. Satish K. Tiwari Project Leader, Tata Consultancy Services Limited, Lucknow. INDUSTRY GUIDE: FACULTY GUIDE: Prof. Ravi Prakash Assistant Professor, AIBS, Amity University, NOIDA. AMITY UNIVERSITY – UTTAR PRADESH AMITY INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS SCHOOL, NOIDA TABLE OF CONTENTS S. No. / Section Section / Sub-section Executive Summary Certificate From Company Certificate Of Origin†¦show more content†¦The department has been maintaining its records and progress data manually 4 since its very starting. Then after 2003-04, it started using computers at some of its offices to maintain the data as manual maintenance was going out of order. 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References 17 Assessment Item Cover Sheet Integration and Integrated solutions (Integrated Project Management) has become a goal being pursued acrossRead MoreProject Cost Assignment6235 Words   |  25 PagesCost Estimating Project Cost Management Assignment 1 Introduction The University of Perth has a strong commitment to project management education and seeks to extend this education commitment to the city of Geraldton. The University wants to provide the community of Geraldton with project management knowledge by holding a 3-day conference with representation from the international project management community. This conference will enhance the University’s relationship with the GeraldtonRead MoreProject Management and Innovation Past and Future4513 Words   |  19 PagesProject Management and Innovation: Past and Future Nikunj M. 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Therefore the expected deliverables of this phase includes definite business process, report requirement, the support of finance and staff work, customization requirement, new policies procedures, and system interface process booking. The projects basic structures were identified in this stage and Integrated Program Management (IPM)Read MoreQuality Control Procedure Manual11580 Words   |  47 PagesChapter 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT 1. Significance of the Study Siemens is a global leader when it comes to engineering sector. It manufactures almost all the heavy electrical devices such as from transformer to miniature circuit breaker. Siemens is well known for its stringent quality norms. It has been successful to differentiate itself from the competitors on grounds of quality. Project aimed at compiling a new quality control procedure manual from the existing manuals such as SiteRead MoreAutomation Of Services : The Technology With Reducing Time Taken For A Project1348 Words   |  6 PagesAUTOMATION OF SERVICES Improvement in the technology with reducing time taken for a project has increased the automation in the country. A rising number of companies have started including mechanized or automated services in their portfolio. The major reason of its popularity has been the loaded faults and defects in the manual services and for overcoming the faults, the companies have to devise the automated versions of their services. The companies have been finding different possible combinations